Chapter 4 – Industrial Revolution

Industrial Revolution is an important chapter in WBBSE Class 9 History. Here, you will find Industrial Revolution questions and answers arranged clearly to help you revise quickly and prepare better for your exams.

Content Structure

1. Multiple choice questions and answers (MCQs)
2. Very short-type questions and answers
- 2A. Fill in the blanks
- 2B. True or false
- 2C. Very short-type questions and answers
3. Short-type questions and answers
4. Analytical questions and answers
5. Explanatory questions and answers

1. Multiple choice questions and answers (MCQs)

1. The Battle of Sedan was fought between
a) France and Austria
b) Austria and Prussia
c) France and Prussia
d) Russia and Turkey

Ans: c) France and Prussia

2. Who dominated the Congress of Vienna?
a) Napoleon
b) Metternich
c) Bismarck
d) Garibaldi

Ans: b) Metternich

3. Which movement aimed at the unification of Italy?
a) Pan-Germanism
b) Risorgimento
c) Carbonari
d) Zollverein

Ans: b) Risorgimento

4. The July Revolution in France took place in
a) 1815
b) 1821
c) 1830
d) 1848

Ans: c) 1830

5. Which war completed the unification of Germany?
a) Austro-Prussian War
b) Danish War
c) Franco-Prussian War
d) Crimean War

Ans: c) Franco-Prussian War

6. Who was overthrown during the July Revolution of 1830?
a) Louis XVI
b) Louis XVIII
c) Charles X
d) Louis Philippe

Ans: c) Charles X

7. The February Revolution in France occurred in
a) 1830
b) 1840
c) 1848
d) 1852

Ans: c) 1848

8. The Congress of Vienna was held in the year
a) 1804
b) 1812
c) 1815
d) 1830

Ans: c) 1815

9. Who founded the Young Italy movement?
a) Cavour
b) Garibaldi
c) Mazzini
d) Victor Emmanuel II

Ans: c) Mazzini

10. The Battle of Sadowa was fought in
a) 1859
b) 1864
c) 1866
d) 1870

Ans: c) 1866

2. Very short-type questions and answers

2A. Fill in the blanks [1 marks each]

1. At the congress of congress of Vienna, Prussia was represented by _______________. (Hardenberg)
2. The Balkan mean the hilly area between the Aegean sea and the ___________________. (Black Sea).
3. In 1821, the people of Greece revolted against ________________. (Ottoman)
4. At the congress of vienna, prussia was represented by ____________-. (Hardenberg)
5. The second french empire was founded by ___________. (Louis Napoleon Bonaparte)
6. The second french empire was founded in _________________. (1852)
7. The leader of the july revolution was ____________. (Louis Philippe)
8. The treaty of prague was signed in _____________. (1866)
9. England and France participated directly in the Crimean War in support of ________________. (Turkey)
10. __________ was appointed by charles X as his minister. (Polignac)

2B. True or false [1 marks each]

1. The Vienna Congress dismantled the Napoleonic Empire. (True)
2. The Battle of Sedan was fought between France and Austria. (False)
3. The foundation of the Second French Republic was laid in 1840. (False)
4. The absolute rule of the French monarchs was known as Tsardom. (False)
5. The Russian serfs were emancipated in 1721. (False)
6. The July Revolution of 1830 in France brought an end to the divine right of kingship in France. (True)
7. The Battle of Sadowa was fought in 1860. (False)
8. Cavour published a paper named Risorgimento. (True)
9. Louis Kossuth was known as the ‘Mazzini of Hungary’. (True)
10. The Battle of Sadowa was fought between Austria and Russia. (False)

2C. Very short-type questions and answers [1 marks each]

1. Name the first two nation-states of Europe.
Ans: France and England were the first two nation-states of Europe.

2. When did the February Revolution in France take place?
Ans: The February Revolution in France took place in the year 1848.

3. What was the objective of the principle of Legitimacy of the Vienna Congress?
Ans: The objective of the principle of Legitimacy was to restore the old ruling dynasties to their thrones.

4. Which period is known as the Age of Metternich?
Ans: The period from 1815 to 1848 is known as the Age of Metternich.

5. Which dynasty was restored in France according to the principle of Legitimacy?
Ans: The Bourbon dynasty was restored in France according to the principle of Legitimacy.

6. Application of which principle restored the Bourbon monarchy in France?
Ans: The application of the Principle of Legitimacy restored the Bourbon monarchy in France.

7. Who were the members of the Concert of Europe?
Ans: Austria, Russia, Prussia, Britain and France were the members of the Concert of Europe.

8. Name the countries which were benefitted by the principle of compensation.
Ans: Austria, Prussia, Russia and Britain were benefitted by the principle of compensation.

9. Who were the Big Four at the Congress of Vienna?
Ans: Austria, Prussia, Russia and Britain were the Big Four at the Congress of Vienna.

10. When did the July Revolution break out in France?
Ans: The July Revolution broke out in France in the year 1830.

11. Name two leaders of the July Revolution.
Ans: Louis Philippe and Lafayette were two leaders of the July Revolution.

12. Name the countries which were influenced by the February Revolution.
Ans: Italy, Germany, Austria and Hungary were influenced by the February Revolution.

13. Name the Bourbon king who was overthrown by the July Revolution in France.
Ans: King Charles X was the Bourbon king who was overthrown by the July Revolution in France.

14. Who was Polignac?
Ans: Polignac was the Prime Minister of King Charles X of France.

15. What was the period of the July Monarchy?
Ans: The period from 1830 to 1848 is known as the period of the July Monarchy.

3. Short-type questions and answers [2 marks each]

1. What arrangements were made in Europe according to the principle of Legitimacy?
Ans: According to the principle of Legitimacy, the old royal dynasties were restored to their thrones in European countries.

2. What is meant by the term Risorgimento?
Ans: Risorgimento means the revival or rebirth of Italy and refers to the movement for the unification of Italy.

3. Who were the representatives at the Vienna Congress?
Ans: The representatives at the Vienna Congress were Austria, Russia, Prussia, Britain and France.

4. Who is Bismarck?
Ans: Otto von Bismarck was the Prime Minister of Prussia and the chief architect of the unification of Germany.

5. Why is Florence Nightingale remembered?
Ans: Florence Nightingale is remembered for her services as a nurse during the Crimean War and for laying the foundation of modern nursing.

6. What did Napoleon do to unify Italy?
Ans: Napoleon Bonaparte helped in unifying Italy by destroying old feudal systems and spreading ideas of nationalism and equality.

7. Mention a factor that helped the emergence of the nation-states in Europe.
Ans: The growth of nationalism helped the emergence of nation-states in Europe by creating a feeling of unity among people with a common language, culture and history.

8. What was the policy of Blood and Iron?
Ans: The policy of Blood and Iron meant achieving national unity through war and military strength instead of speeches and debates.

9. What were the main weaknesses of the Vienna Congress?
Ans: The main weaknesses of the Vienna Congress were that it ignored nationalism, democracy and the wishes of the people.

10. Why was the Ottoman Empire so named?
Ans: The Ottoman Empire was named after Osman I, the founder of the empire.

11. What is Philike Hetaira?
Ans: Philike Hetaira was a secret revolutionary society formed in Greece to fight for independence from Turkish rule.

12. What were the provisions of the Treaty of Adrianople?
Ans: According to the Treaty of Adrianople, Turkey recognized the autonomy of Greece and granted important trading rights to Russia.

13. What was Zollverein?
Ans: Zollverein was a customs union of German states that abolished internal trade barriers and promoted economic unity.

14. What was ‘Young Italy’?
Ans: Young Italy was a revolutionary organization founded by Giuseppe Mazzini to unite Italy as a nation.

15. What is Risorgimento?
Ans: Risorgimento was the nationalist movement that aimed at the political and social unification of Italy.

4. Analytical questions and answers [4 marks each]

1. How was Raja Rammohan Roy influenced by the July Revolution?
Ans: Raja Rammohan Roy welcomed the July Revolution as a victory of liberty over tyranny. He believed it showed the power of public opinion. The revolution strengthened his faith in democratic ideals. It influenced his efforts to promote political awareness and reforms in India.

2. Which period is known as the ‘Age of Conferences’? What conferences were held during this period?
Ans: The period from 1815 to 1822 is known as the Age of Conferences. During this time, European powers met frequently to maintain peace and suppress revolutions. Important conferences were held at Aix-la-Chapelle, Troppau, Laibach and Verona. These conferences aimed to preserve monarchy and the Vienna settlement.

3. What were the contributions of the Young Italy movement?
Ans: The Young Italy movement played an important role in spreading national consciousness among Italians. It aimed at unifying Italy into a single independent nation. The movement encouraged young people to participate in revolutionary activities though it failed to achieve immediate success, it laid the ideological foundation for Italian unification.

4. Write about the spurt of nationalism in Serbia.
Ans: Nationalism in Serbia arose due to long oppression under the Ottoman Empire. The Serbs wanted freedom and national independence. They were inspired by the success of the Greek War of Independence with the support of Russia, Serbia gradually gained autonomy and later emerged as an independent nation.

5. What were the aspirations of the peoples of Europe after 1815?
Ans: After 1815, the peoples of Europe aspired for national unity, liberty and democracy. They wanted freedom from absolute monarchies restored by the Congress of Vienna. People demanded constitutional governments, civil rights and equality before law. National groups also wanted to form independent nation-states based on common language, culture and history.

5. Explanatory questions and answers [8 marks each]

1. Write in brief about Balkan nationalism.
Ans: Balkan nationalism developed mainly due to the gradual decline of the Ottoman Empire, which had ruled the Balkan region for a long time. The people of the Balkans suffered from political oppression, economic exploitation and denial of basic rights under Turkish rule. Influenced by the ideas of nationalism spreading from Western Europe and inspired by the success of the Greek War of Independence, various Balkan nationalities began to demand freedom and self-rule. Russia encouraged Balkan nationalism in order to extend its influence in the region and to weaken the Ottoman Empire. As a result of these movements, countries such as Greece, Serbia and Bulgaria succeeded in becoming independent states. Continuous rivalry among the Balkan states and interference by European powers made the region unstable, and therefore it came to be known as the ‘Powder Keg of Europe’.

2. What is the Ems Telegram?
Ans: The Ems Telegram was a diplomatic message sent by the King of Prussia to the French government in 1870 regarding a dispute over the Spanish throne. Otto von Bismarck, the Prime Minister of Prussia, deliberately edited the telegram before publishing it. The edited version appeared insulting to French national pride and created anger among the French people. This provocation led to the outbreak of the Franco-Prussian War. The war resulted in the defeat of France and played a decisive role in the final unification of Germany under Prussian leadership.

3. How did Bismarck unify Germany?
Ans: Otto von Bismarck unified Germany by following the policy of ‘Blood and Iron’, which meant achieving national unity through war and military strength rather than speeches or democratic methods. He carefully planned and executed three wars to unite Germany under Prussian leadership. He first defeated Denmark in 1864 to gain Schleswig and Holstein. He then defeated Austria in 1866 in the Battle of Sadowa, which removed Austria’s influence from German affairs. Finally, he provoked France into war through the Ems Telegram and defeated it in the Battle of Sedan in 1870. These victories led to the proclamation of the German Empire in 1871, completing German unification.

4. What were the steps through which Germany was unified?
Ans: The unification of Germany took place under the leadership of Prussia, which emerged as the strongest German state. The first step towards unification was economic unity, achieved through the formation of the Zollverein, which removed trade barriers among German states. Political unity was achieved through a series of wars. Prussia fought Denmark in 1864 over Schleswig and Holstein, Austria in 1866 in the Battle of Sadowa, and France in 1870 in the Franco-Prussian War. Each war strengthened Prussia’s position and reduced opposition to unification. Finally, in 1871, the German states were united, and the German Empire was proclaimed at Versailles.